Surgical Management of Spasticity(<SPECIAL ISSUE>Recent Advances in Neuromodulation)

Chained lightning: advances in neuromodulation.

The cornerstone of functional neurosurgery historically has been the modulation of known neural circuits and neuroanatomic pathways to achieve a predictable therapeutic effect. A lack of suitable alternatives once made lesioning the primary treatment for certain severe medically refractory movement, psychiatric, and chronic pain disorders. Vast improvements in lesioning techniques were accompli...

CME Breast Cancer: Advances in Surgical Management

The surgical management of breast cancer has changed dramatically from a deforming ablative procedure to an approach that for the majority of breast cancer patients can preserve the breast and axillary anatomy. The current approach to the diagnosis of breast cancer and the evolution of the more limited approach to surgical resection are discussed. The technique of sentinel lymph node biopsy, or...

Neuromodulation Advances for Seizure Control

Advances in Surgical Management of Ocular Surface Disease

Medical management is the mainstay in the management of ocular surface disease, with surgical therapy being reserved only for the most severe forms of the condition. Ocular surface disease encompasses a wide range of conditions such as dry eye, limbal stem cell deficiency disorders, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Surgical management of these disorders has witnessed ...

Advances in the Surgical Management of Chronic Rhinosinusitis

The surgical management of chronic rhinosinusitis has evolved considerably in the last decade. We currently have a more refined understanding of the various disease entities that make up the generic diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. This has led to the development of more sophisticated medical and surgical therapy for the different entities. Failure of maximal medical therapy leads to the co...